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Immortals (Persian Empire)
The Immortals (from the Greek , sometimes Ten Thousand Immortals or the Persian Immortals) was the name given by Herodotus to an elite force of soldiers who fought for the Achaemenid Empire. This force performed the dual roles of both Imperial Guard and standing army during the Persian Empire's expansion period and during the Greco-Persian Wars. Its Persian name may have been ''Anûšiya'' ("companions"; perhaps confused with ''Anauša'' 'immortals' from ''an''- 'non' + ''auša'' 'death').〔 The force consisted mainly of Persians but also included Medes and Elamites.〔http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587087/Ten-Thousand-Immortals〕
==Herodotus==
Herodotus describes the 'Immortals' as being heavy infantry, led by Hydarnes, that were kept constantly at a strength of exactly 10,000 men. He stated that the unit's name stemmed from the custom that every killed, seriously wounded, or sick member was immediately replaced with a new one, maintaining the corps as a cohesive entity with a constant strength.
This elite corps is only called the 'Immortals' in sources based on Herodotus. There is evidence of the existence of a permanent corps from Persian sources, which provided a backbone for the tribal levies who made up the bulk of the Achaemenid armies. These do not however record the name of "Immortals".〔 "Probably, Herodotus' informant has confused the name Anûšiya ('companions') with Anauša ('Immortals')."〔(Lendering, Jona, ''Immortals, Greek name for an elite regiment in the ancient Achaemenid empire'', Iran Chamber Society )〕
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